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Генератор случайных чисел для лотереи

Вы хотите получить случайные числа без повторения. Также вам не нужны некоторые числа. Потому что они по-вашему точно не выпадут. Вы легко настроите нужный вам режим нашего генератора чисел. И он будет выдавать вам только полезные комбинации чисел. Вам больше не нужно много разных генераторов. Этот ГСЧ является универсальным. Данный генератор легко настраивается под вас. Генератор не имеет никаких ограничений по количеству и диапазоне чисел. Данная генерация выполняется на стороне сервера а не вашего браузера. Мы устранили все факторы могут повлиять на результат случайного выбора.

Новый генератор ГСЧ

Наш генератор случайных значений перемешивает числа несколько раз. Мы не просто генерируем случайные числа. Мы сначала перетасовывает местами все числа среди которых надо выбрать. Это делается несколько раз. И только после этого мы еще раз случайно выбираем заданное количество чисел. Такой подход к генерации случайных чисел гарантирует случайность выбора.

Функции rand() и srand()

В языках программирования обычно предусмотрены функции, позволяющие генерировать случайные числа в определенном по умолчанию диапазоне. На самом деле генерируются не случайные, а так называемые псевдослучайные числа; они выглядят случайно, но вычисляются по вполне конкретной формуле. Но для простоты далее мы все равно будем называть их случайными.

В языке программирования C получить случайное число можно с помощью функции , которая входит в стандартную библиотеку языка. Эта функция не принимает никакие параметры.

ЗаданиеНапишите программу, в которой целочисленной переменной присваивается результат выполнения функции . Выведите значение переменной на экран.

Функция  возвращает целое число от 0 до значения присвоенного константе RAND_MAX. Значение RAND_MAX зависит от системы и определено в заголовочном файле stdlib.h. Так, например, оно может быть равно 32767 (двухбайтовое целое) или 2147483647 (четырехбайтовое целое).

ЗаданиеОпределите значение RAND_MAX в вашей системе. Для этого не забудьте подключить к файлу исходного кода заголовочный файл stdlib.h.

Код ниже выводит на экран 50 случайных чисел:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
main () {
     char i;
 
     for (i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {
          printf("%15d", rand());
          if (i % 5 == ) printf("\n");
     }
 
}

В теле цикла осуществляется переход на новую строку после каждых выведенных на экран пяти чисел. Для этого используется выражение, в котором находится остаток от деления i на 5, результат сравнивается с 0. Чтобы после первого числа не происходил переход на новую строку, iсначала присваивается единица, а не ноль (т.к. 0 делится на 5 без остатка).

ЗаданиеСпишите код, приведенный выше

Выполните программу несколько раз, при этом обратите внимание, разные ли результаты вы получаете от выполнения к выполнению

Вы должны были заметить, что при каждом запуске программы числа остаются одинаковыми. Даже если вы перекомпилируете программу, результат не изменится. Данный эффект связан с тем, что начальное (инициализирующее) число, которое подставляется в формулу вычисления первого и последующих псевдослучайных чисел, для каждой системы всегда одно и то же. Однако это начальное число можно изменить с помощью функции , которой в качестве параметра передается любое целое число. Понятно, что если вы зададите конкретный аргумент для функции, например, , то от вызова к вызову программы числа будут также одни и те же. Хотя и не те, что были бы без . Поэтому появляется проблема, как сделать так, чтобы аргумент для  был тоже случайным? Получается замкнутый круг.

ЗаданиеПеределайте программу, выводящую на экран 50 случайных чисел так, чтобы сначала у пользователя запрашивалось любое целое число с помощью , которое передавалось бы в функцию .

Пользователь программы сам может задавать инициализирующее значение. Но чаще всего это не является полноценным выходом из ситуации. Поэтому инициализирующее значение привязывают к какому-либо процессу, протекающему в операционной системе, например, к часам. Время (учитывая не только время суток, но и дату) никогда не бывает одинаковым. Значит значение для , преобразованное в целое из системного времени, будет различным.

Текущее время можно узнать с помощью функции , прототип которой описан в файле time.h. Передав  в качестве параметра NULL, мы получим целое число, которое можно передать в :

ЗаданиеПеределайте вашу программу так, чтобы инициализирующее значение зависело от системного времени.

Криптографическая зашита генератора случайных данных в Python

Случайно сгенерированные числа и данные, полученные при помощи модуля random в Python, лишены криптографической защиты. Следовательно, возникает вопрос — как добиться надежной генерации случайных чисел?

Криптографически надежный генератор псевдослучайных чисел представляет собой генератор чисел, который обладает особенностями, что делают его подходящим для использования в криптографических приложениях, где безопасность данных имеет первостепенное значение.

• Все функции криптографически надежного генератора возвращают полученные случайным образом байты;
• Значение случайных байтов, полученных в результате использования функции, зависит от источников ОС.
• Качество генерации также зависит от случайных источников ОС.

Для обеспечения криптографической надежности генерации случайных чисел можно использовать следующие подходы:

• Применение модуля secrets для защиты случайных данных;
• Использование из модуля os ;
• Использование класса .

Пример криптографически надежной генерации данных в Python:

Python

import random
import secrets

number = random.SystemRandom().random()
print(«Надежное число «, number)

print(«Надежный токен байтов», secrets.token_bytes(16))

Вывод:

Shell

Надежное число 0.11139538267693572

Надежный токен байтов b’\xae\xa0\x91*.\xb6\xa1\x05=\xf7+>\r;Y\xc3′

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